![]() Image Credit: Courtesy of Universal Pictures Both Bel Geddes and Dunne, along with two of their costars, received Oscar nominations. When Katrin’s learns of Mama’s sacrifice, she has a true moment of growing up. As her parents can’t afford the set, Mama trades her heirloom brooch (which had been the intended gift) to get Katrin the set as a reward for her hard work. “Mama” Hanson (Irene Dunne) believes in the value of a good education, and Katrin is eagerly anticipating her high school graduation, with hopes that she’ll receive a vanity set she has long wanted as her graduation gift. In a series of vignettes, writer Katrin Hanson (Barbara Bel Geddes, the future Miss Ellie from “Dallas” fame) reflects on life growing up as one of four children of hard-working Norwegian immigrant parents in the early 1900s. One of the few memorable 1990s teen films, it features a cast of up-and-comers, including Ethan Embry, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Lauren Ambrose, Peter Facinelli and Seth Green. Storylines include the nerd looking for his chance with the most popular girl, who just broke up with her jock boyfriend, who is being targeted by a nerd he’s bullied throughout school and who’s bent on revenge. Image Credit: Courtesy of Sony Pictures ReleasingĪ throwback to 1980s teen flicks, “Can’t Hardly Wait” takes place during a party following graduation, with several members of the class gathering for one last night of shenanigans. The film features a young Natalie Wood as her bratty little sister, and the future TV mom from “Father Knows Best,” Jane Wyatt, and is an interesting glimpse into 1950s Americana. Her journey of self-discovery leads to a very moving graduation speech she gives as class vice-president. On her 18th birthday, Gail finds out that she’s adopted, which sends her into a tailspin, affecting her relationships with her parents, her sisters and her boyfriend, as she decides to seek out her birth mother. Image Credit: Courtesy of RKO Radio PicturesĪs the country heads into the “idyllic” 1950s post-WWII, there’s a lot of excitement in the MacCaulay household – their first television set is installed, and eldest daughter Gail (Ann Blyth) is a happy teenager anticipating her high school graduation. The friend picks geeky Laney (Rachael Leigh Cook), and what blooms is a fun romantic teen comedy that culminates in Zack honoring the terms of the bet in a very memorable graduation scene while winning the girl. In a modern take on “Pygmalion,” popular high school senior Zack (Freddie Prinze, Jr.) has been dumped by his popular girlfriend and accepts a challenge from his friend to turn any girl into Prom Queen within six weeks. Tour our photo gallery featuring the 20 best graduation and senior year movies, ranked, including the films mentioned above plus “Grease,” “Can’t Hardly Wait,” “Lady Bird” and “Superbad.” And there’s at least one film represented for each generation out there. From films like “Fame” that inspire us to films like “American Pie” that just make us laugh to films like the classic “I Remember Mama” that bring on the tears, here are some of the best films in which Graduation Day plays a very important part. For the most part, these are films about how friendships can change with these milestones, how graduation time often leads to self-discovery and how “adulting” isn’t always what we expect it to be at 18 or 22 – and how hard that life lesson can be. Most of these films don’t show the actual graduations, although a few (“Booksmart,” “Legally Blonde”) do offer some pretty memorable ones with heartfelt speeches. ![]() In looking for the best of these films, we’ve picked ones that were nominated for and even won prestigious awards and over time have become critically-praised classics (“The Last Picture Show”), while others are pop culture favorites, becoming classics through genuine love from fans (“Anyone? Anyone? Bueller?”). And the people in each of these generations are indelibly linked by certain tangibles – most especially music and film.Īnd so it comes as no surprise that many of the finest coming-of-age films are set right before or directly following a graduation, whether it be high school or college, and that many contain some really great soundtracks (“American Graffiti,” “The Graduate”). And then there are the adults who look back on their time like it was yesterday, remembering old friends and good times that were had, and reflecting on how different life is than what was expected all those years ago. Then there are the college graduates, degree in hand, ready to enter the “real world” and conquer their chosen field. There are those graduating high school who are anticipating college, internships or jobs – and freedom from mom and dad. It’s that time of year again for graduations, which always brings up a bit of nostalgia.
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![]() ![]() Is this a sign of a change of Poles’ status across the sea? These people decided that a billionaire, a self-made man will hear them out.ĭonald Trump has told the Polish president, during a phone call, that most of the Polish community in the USA has voted for him. While every taxi driver, security guard or farmer that I spoke with when I traveled supported Trump. Why? Because they live in a bubble of welfare. Rita Cosby: People from New York and West Coast simply overlooked this enthusiasm of common America, whichconstitutes 90 percent of this country. They believed he shares their beliefs and embodies the American spirit that he will lead the country towards a better goal and will reinstate the respect of family values and of constitution. His rallies were attended by normal, enthusiastic Americans. Tomaczek Bednarek: This election has shown that the American middle class– people working on farms, in mines or in their small businesses – is not well, because nobody has listened to them for years. We’re in for an exciting change, a presidency unlike any other so far. It’s one of the most challenging moments in our history. Too bad that as an Afro-American he didn’t take his chance. President Obama failed to fix racial division problem. Rita Cosby: Some protests are most likely inspired or straight organized by people who just want to go out on the streets and vandalize properties, but most stem from genuine opposition and concern, which have to be somehow addressed. You can’t beat the competition without an access to the presi dent. Besides, the most biased daily news and stations will be forced to remodel by life itself. Rita Cosby: Some changes will have to occur, because it would be hard to go back to daily agenda after such a fiasco. I immediately informed my viewers about that, where most announcers sat on that information for half an hour more. I was on camera when the producer told me that according to Associated Press Trump won. During the election night some journalist went so far as to refuse acknowledging that Donald Trump won. However, I tried to measure the all equally, that’s why I was so disappointed with the most media, who unanimously supported Hillary Clinton and simply were extremely biased. I hosted election programs myself and personally knew the candidates, even those from primary elections. Rita Cosby: Those were the most dramatic presidential elections in my whole career. Are you not afraid to admit to being a journalist for a mainstream news station after the elections? The new president won’t be likely to forget how ardently the media fought him during his campaign. Gopher snakes are the most common species in certain states due to their adaptability. Gopher snakes are sometimes mistaken for Rattlesnakes due to their black and white coloring which is sometimes rare.īut Gopher snakes can come in black and white coloring, as they can come in beige and brown coloring. Image by Hannah Floyd via inaturalistĬommon name: Pacific gopher snake, Henry snake, coast gopher snake, bullsnake, Churchill’s bullsnake, Oregon bullsnake, Pacific pine snake, western bullsnake, western gopher snake, Sonoran gopher snake, western pine snake, great basin gopher snake, blow snake, yellow gopher snake, gopher snake This snake species is also known in the scientific world as the only snake species to resist tetrodotoxin, a powerful toxin in the animal world.Īs a result, the snake can eat salamander species other snakes can’t. Gums of this species are the toxic mouthparts as these snakes have no rear fangs. However, this venom might still trigger allergic reactions. They only produce mild venom which cannot harm people. Snakes of this species are now considered venomous. Unlike many other species, the Puget Sound Gartersnake has changed its status from non-venomous to venomous. This species is found in many habitats around the world as it has very good adaptability. The Puget Sound Gartersnake is a black species with either white, yellow, or blue narrow stripes. Scientific name: Thamnophis sirtalis pickeringii Puget Sound Gartersnake Puget Sound Gartersnake Some non-venomous black and white snakes are known to resist the bites of venomous snakes.įurthermore, non-venomous black and white snakes can also eat juvenile venomous snakes. The non-venomous nature of black and white snakes doesn’t necessarily exclude the venomous nature. This species is known for not having any venom but it resists the bites of multiple other venomous snakes including pit viper snake bites. They may still bite but without any health risks.īlack and white non-venomous species include the Speckled Kingsnake. Non-venomous – these types of snakes aren’t considered dangerous to people.This snake was considered not venomous just a few decades ago. The Puget Sound Gartersnake is one of the snakes with poisonous saliva which is now considered a mildly venomous species. Mildly venomous – many types of black and white snakes are mildly venomous.However, people can die when bitten by this snake when there’s no medical treatment. Their venom may not be fatal with the right medical treatment. ![]() Western Massasauga is some of the most dangerous black and white venomous snakes. Venomous – a small percentage of black and white snakes are venomous.Their coloring gathers them under a common physical trait.īlack and white snakes encompass members of various species that may or may not be venomous. Tim Flannery claims that this animal, along with other Australian megafauna, became extinct (partly) as a result of activities of Aboriginal Australians (for example, hunting and firestick farming).Black and white snakes don’t represent a species of snakes. Mapping such locations in Western Australia, has been found to be closely associated with areas the Noongar people regard as Waugal sacred sites. Wonambi naracoortensis lived during the Pleistocene Ice Age period, in natural sun-traps beside local waterholes, where they would ambush kangaroo, wallaby and other prey coming to the water to drink. The head of the animal was small, restricting the size of its prey. It was a non-venomous, constrictor snake, and may have been an ambush predator that killed its prey by constriction. barriei) reaching less than 3 m (9.8 ft) long. naracoortensis) exceeding 4–6 m (13–20 ft) long and the other species ( W. Wonambi was a fairly large snake, with the type species ( W. ![]() ![]() Reappraisal of duplex criteria to assess significant carotid stenosis with special reference to reports from the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial and the European Carotid Surgery Trial. Color-flow duplex scanning of carotid arteries: new velocity criteria based on receiver operator characteristic analysis for threshold stenoses used in the symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid trials. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. 1991 325:445–53.Įxecutive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Proposed new duplex classification for threshold stenoses used in various symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid endarterectomy trials. 1997 18:66–71.ĪbuRahma AF, Robinson PA, Stickler DL, et al. New Doppler parameters for carotid stenosis. Clinical implications of power Doppler three-dimensional ultrasonography. Noninvasive detection of internal carotid artery occlusion. Carotid artery stenosis: gray scale and Doppler US diagnosis-society of radiologists in ultrasound consensus conference. Grant EG, Benson CB, Moneta GL, Alexandrov AV, Baker JD, Bluth EI, et al. Ultrasonic duplex scanning for disease of the carotid artery. 311–23.įell G, Phillips D, Chikos PM, Harley JD, Thiele BL, Strandness DE Jr. Cerebral blood flow: physiologic and clinical aspects. Noninvasive dynamic and real-time assessment of extracranial cerebrovasculature. Carotid artery velocity patterns in normal and stenotic vessels. ![]() 85–104.īlackshear WM, Phillips DJ, Chikos RM, et al. Pulsed Doppler waveform patterns produced by smooth stenosis in the dog thoracic aorta. Thiele BL, Hutchison KJ, Green RM, et al. Ultrasonic echolucent carotid plaques predict future strokes. Gronholdt M, Nordestgaard B, Schroeder T, et al. Prospective controlled study of the natural history of asymptomatic 60% to 69% carotid stenosis according to ultrasonic plaque morphology. The correlation of ultrasonic carotid plaque morphology and carotid plaque hemorrhage: clinical implications. 333–40.ĪbuRahma AF, Kyer PR, Robinson P, et al. Other clinical implications include carotid endarterectomy based on duplex ultrasound without angiography, intraoperative assessment of carotid endarterectomy, long-term follow-up after carotid endarterectomy, plaque morphology and outcome, and carotid duplex scanning following trauma. The accuracy of duplex scanning in the examination of the carotid artery bifurcation has resulted in its use for detecting significant carotid stenosis in symptomatic patients, the evaluation of patients with neck bruits, postoperative imaging of endarterectomized vessels, and follow-up of asymptomatic patients to document progression of disease. In this scenario, other diagnostic modalities must be recommended to delineate the proper pathology. Calcification and shadowing, high bifurcation, short neck, or any other circumstances that prevent adequate interrogation of the carotid artery can result in an inconclusive examination. A complete carotid duplex examination should include: the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities of common, internal, and external carotid arteries, right and left subclavian arteries, and vertebral arteries the internal carotid to common carotid artery peak systolic velocities ratio flow direction of the vertebral artery (antegrade, retrograde, or bidirectional) analysis of the Doppler spectral waveform of the examined vessels and the presence or absence of plaque and description of its morphology.Ī carotid duplex ultrasound examination should be termed “inconclusive” if the findings are uncertain, and it cannot be ensured that the carotid artery does not have significant carotid artery disease. ![]() Required approval for the SMS body text.Īll numeric senders are overwritten to Alphanumeric ones in order to avoid filtering from the local carriers The below information might be subject to change from the Network Providers without prior notice.Īlphanumeric Sender ID needs to be registered in all Albanian networks. Any URLs you might want to include in your message text.Exact message examples in the language you intend to use.Details about the company and brand - ideally including their website's URLs.We kindly ask you to provide us with the following information, which will allow us to check if we can provide a custom sender ID for your specific case: The usual requirements for Sender ID registrations are:ġ) Sender ID (11characters), 2) SMS type (OTP or Marketing), 3) SMS Content with URL links if applicableĤ) Company Name, 5) Company Address, 6) Website URL For some countries, Registration Set Up Fees or/and Monthly Fees may apply. Please contact your account manager via to check whether registration is needed so you will achieve full delivery in the listed countries. Failure to register Sender ID for countries that require pre-registration may result in failed delivery due to local carriers in these countries impose content filtering for non-registered message traffic.įor some of those countries where restrictions exist we have solutions configured that will prevent your messages from being blocked - for example by dynamically changing the Sender ID to a random numeric code or text. Some countries require pre-registration of Sender ID and submission of SMS template or content. ![]() SMS.to follows local regulations for Sender ID and content requirements including URL/links. Modified on: Wed, 17 May, 2023 at 3:00 PM International SMS Sender ID regulations and requirements (list of countries) ![]() Let us take a look.Ĭrystals have a structure made up of a regular arrangement of their atoms (or particles). Another is a crystalline structure or crystals which have a specific organized structure of their particles. One is an amorphous solid which has no specific shape or structure. symmetric).As we have studied in the previous topic, solids are basically of two shapes. The paradigm is not to think of ways to make the system endlessly more complicated, but to start from the most odd system that is able to fill space, and think of the (limited) possibilities to make it more simple (i.e. ![]() There are again not so many possibilities to have an internal symmetry, so this only makes 14 Bravais lattices out of the 7 crystal systems. You could go without these by describing them with one of the less symmetric crystal systems, but the rule is to assign the crystal system with highest symmetry. The Bravais lattices come from unit cells which have an internal symmetry. Those make up for six of the seven crystal systems, and hexagonal is the special case making up the seventh. are all special cases of the "triclinic" unit cell with higher symmetry, it is obvious that there are not endlessly more options that are more symmetric. You can always, and only, except for hexagonal prisms, fill space by stacking parallelepipeds in all three directions. If you want to follow the rule, that a crystall is formed by endless translational symmetry of a unit cell, then the only possibilites to start from are two structures: parallelepipeds and hexagonal prisms. Nobody has any doubt about that, and I believe it is mathematically proven. The seven crystal systems and 14 Bravais lattices (and 230 space groups) are all that are theoretically possible. Quasicrystals, while they have 5-fold symmetry, are a tiling through space that does not obey the rules for a Bravais lattice. Why no pentagonal unit cells? Well, because you can't fill space with a 5-fold symmetric Bravais lattice. The trigonal Bravais lattice has no 90 degree angles, but isn't talked about much in more basic textbooks because, well, it looks weird. Thus, the combination of Bravais lattice and unit cell symmetry can again be enumerated and one comes up with 230 space groups.Īll cubic-related Bravais lattices will have 90 degree angles because they are based on cubic symmetry. Now, what is on those points is a unit cell, which will itself have some symmetry. This comes solely by enumerating the ways in which a periodic array of points can exist in 3 dimensions. So, one comes up with 14 Bravais lattices from symmetry considerations, divided into 7 crystal systems (cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic,monoclinic, triclinic, trigonal, and hexagonal). The conventional unit cell is generally chosen to be bigger than the primitive cell and to have the required symmetry.Ī physical crystal can be described by giving its underlying Bravais lattice, together with a description of the arrangement of atoms, molecules, ions, etc. ![]() A unit cell is a region that just fills space without any overlapping when translated through some subset of the vectors of a Bravais lattice. One can fill space up with nonprimitive unit cells (known simply as unit cells or conventional unit cells). The units themselves may be single atoms, groups of atoms, molecules, ions, etc., but the Bravais lattice summarizes only the geometry of the underlying periodic structure, regardless of what the actual units may be."Ī volume of space that, when translated through all the vectors in a Bravais lattice, just fills all of space without either overlapping itself or leaving voids is called a primitive cell or primitive unit cell of the lattice. All quotes will be from Solid State Physics by Ashcroft and Mermin.Ī fundamental concept in the description of any crystalline solid is that of the Bravais lattice, which specifies the periodic array in which the repeated units of the crystal are arranged. |
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