Reappraisal of duplex criteria to assess significant carotid stenosis with special reference to reports from the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial and the European Carotid Surgery Trial. Color-flow duplex scanning of carotid arteries: new velocity criteria based on receiver operator characteristic analysis for threshold stenoses used in the symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid trials. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. 1991 325:445–53.Įxecutive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Proposed new duplex classification for threshold stenoses used in various symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid endarterectomy trials. 1997 18:66–71.ĪbuRahma AF, Robinson PA, Stickler DL, et al. New Doppler parameters for carotid stenosis. Clinical implications of power Doppler three-dimensional ultrasonography. Noninvasive detection of internal carotid artery occlusion. Carotid artery stenosis: gray scale and Doppler US diagnosis-society of radiologists in ultrasound consensus conference. Grant EG, Benson CB, Moneta GL, Alexandrov AV, Baker JD, Bluth EI, et al. Ultrasonic duplex scanning for disease of the carotid artery. 311–23.įell G, Phillips D, Chikos PM, Harley JD, Thiele BL, Strandness DE Jr. Cerebral blood flow: physiologic and clinical aspects. Noninvasive dynamic and real-time assessment of extracranial cerebrovasculature. Carotid artery velocity patterns in normal and stenotic vessels. 85–104.īlackshear WM, Phillips DJ, Chikos RM, et al. Pulsed Doppler waveform patterns produced by smooth stenosis in the dog thoracic aorta. Thiele BL, Hutchison KJ, Green RM, et al. Ultrasonic echolucent carotid plaques predict future strokes. Gronholdt M, Nordestgaard B, Schroeder T, et al. Prospective controlled study of the natural history of asymptomatic 60% to 69% carotid stenosis according to ultrasonic plaque morphology. The correlation of ultrasonic carotid plaque morphology and carotid plaque hemorrhage: clinical implications. 333–40.ĪbuRahma AF, Kyer PR, Robinson P, et al. Other clinical implications include carotid endarterectomy based on duplex ultrasound without angiography, intraoperative assessment of carotid endarterectomy, long-term follow-up after carotid endarterectomy, plaque morphology and outcome, and carotid duplex scanning following trauma. The accuracy of duplex scanning in the examination of the carotid artery bifurcation has resulted in its use for detecting significant carotid stenosis in symptomatic patients, the evaluation of patients with neck bruits, postoperative imaging of endarterectomized vessels, and follow-up of asymptomatic patients to document progression of disease. In this scenario, other diagnostic modalities must be recommended to delineate the proper pathology. Calcification and shadowing, high bifurcation, short neck, or any other circumstances that prevent adequate interrogation of the carotid artery can result in an inconclusive examination. A complete carotid duplex examination should include: the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities of common, internal, and external carotid arteries, right and left subclavian arteries, and vertebral arteries the internal carotid to common carotid artery peak systolic velocities ratio flow direction of the vertebral artery (antegrade, retrograde, or bidirectional) analysis of the Doppler spectral waveform of the examined vessels and the presence or absence of plaque and description of its morphology.Ī carotid duplex ultrasound examination should be termed “inconclusive” if the findings are uncertain, and it cannot be ensured that the carotid artery does not have significant carotid artery disease.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |